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How to invest money: mutual funds or stocks?

2006-07-21T21:19:00.000-07:00

You have money that you would like to make a safe and ample return on. Learn how to invest your money to make it go the furthest.

The question has once come across every investors mind: Mutual funds or stocks? This question is mostly asked by the beginner who wants to start investing, but doesn't know where to put his or her money. What is the answer to the question? There is no correct answer, but it can be argued for either side. Determining whether to put your money in mutual funds or stocks depends on you. How you will determine which is best is what I'll show you.

Stocks are shares of ownership in a company. You can buy shares through a brokerage at the price per share. Historically, the stock market has averaged annual returns per year of 11 percent. Of all the different types of investments, stocks will give you the most for your money. However, stocks can also be the most volatile. Risk and return go hand-in-hand. In the long run history has shown that financial markets recover, so stocks should be considered investments for the long run.

A mutual fund is a huge collected amount of money from a large group of investors that the mutual fund manager uses to buy lots of different stocks, bonds, and/or other assets that meet the company's investment criteria.

When you buy shares in the fund, you become a shareholder. When you give your money to the fund, you are giving your money to the expert money manager of the mutual fund.

Mutual funds give you diversification and expert money management which allows you to sit back and relax.

Your choice of whether to pick a stock or mutual fund, is based on comparing their risk, return, and their expenses. You should also look at the pros and cons of both mutual funds and stocks.

Mutual funds carry a low amount of risk. If you are a low risk taker, mutual funds may be for you. If you can't stand watching your money going up and down every day by large amounts, then invest in mutual funds. Why are mutual funds such safe and low risk investments? Because they diversify. They give your money a little taste of everything. The fund will invest your money in a number of different stocks in different industries. That way, a single company's depreciation can balance out with another company's appreciation.

Mutual funds are generally good investments for retiring, saving for college, or any other goal that needs time. If you have some money that you don't need anytime soon, and don't want to take too much risk or spend time tracking your investment, then invest your money into a mutual fund.

However, mutual funds do have their disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage to know about a mutual fund is that most mutual funds underperform the stock market's average (represented by the S&P 500 Index) every year. 90 percent of mutual funds, in the last decade, have underperformed the market. Think about it, all those "expert" money managers can't even beat the market.

"Mutual funds are boring!" That's what anxious investors who want to gain their wealth a little quicker say. They think of investing their money in stocks as an adventure and can live with price fluctuations, while they scowl at leaving their money in a snail speed mutual fund.

The beginner often sees what the expert overlooks. Who says you can't invest better than a fund manager? Regular people do it all the time. A blind folded monkey can throw darts at a stock listing and compete very well with the money mananger. While the fund manager is looking at all his numbers the common investor is using common sense.

Both mutual funds and stocks can be for long term investors. But over the longer period of time, the stocks will prevail over the underachieving mutual funds. Those who cling too tightly to the familiar deny themselves many opportunities. There is no progress without risk.

Written by Paul Nowak - © 2002 Pagewise

Discover the money secret

2006-07-21T21:11:00.000-07:00

The New Year leaves many households facing more than just the difficulties of stubborn pine needles. For some of us, serious debt causes not merely difficulties, but devastation.

It is entirely appropriate then, that January 2005 saw the launch of Rob Parsons’ new book, The Money Secret. It could be the most widely relevant and timely book that he has ever written.

“Since the beginning of Care for the Family, I have watched as debt has destroyed families,” Rob says. “So many people in broken marriages have told us that financial pressures played a big part. But debt is no respecter of income or age – all kinds of people need help.

How debt affects us
“Devastation aptly sums up what debt often does to people,” says Rob. “It hits them in several areas at once … self-esteem – “How stupid I’ve been”; hope – “I will never get out of this mess”; fear – “What will happen to me? Will we lose the house? Will I go to prison? What will happen to the children?” And especially isolation. Although we know that others go through these issues, when it happens to us it feels like just us.”

Told in story form, ‘The Money Secret’ is immensely readable, full of the practicalities and theory of money management. Why did Rob choose to communicate debt issues in this way? “I wanted to ‘switch lights on’ for people, so that they not only understand the facts but believe that somebody understands how debt feels. Stories are powerful. This tale of a young woman about to take her own life and Lydia, the unusual elderly woman who saves her, enabled me to take readers into very different situations of debt – from the lives of those who are very poor to the seemingly very rich.”

“But ‘The Money Secret’ isn’t just about debt, is it?” I ask. “It’s for all of us who want a wiser and wider grasp of our finances.”

Making wise life choices
“Absolutely,” agrees Rob. “It’s for everybody. It’s not so much about debt as wise life choices and how to understand the way the money system works.”

I admitted to Rob that I personally found some of the research in the book shocking, even when I consider myself fairly switched on to the facts. Rob agreed. “So did I. Particularly the realisation that credit card companies often target those they know have the most difficulty in making repayments, offering cards with very high interest rates. It’s also shocking to discover that some banks and credit card companies love it when they ‘have’ to levy late repayment fees or higher rates of interest because we have gone over our overdraft limit. It boosts profits.”

I add that one of the things that unsettled me the most as I read the book was the apparent irresponsibility of so many large companies and financial institutions which effectively entice borrowers into debt.

“It is an absolute scandal,” says Rob. “And it’s one reason that I don’t subscribe to the view that if we are in debt it’s all our fault. I know that people say, ‘nobody forced you to take that loan’, but the truth is that many providers of credit – some of them very big names – offer finance in an irresponsible way, often on terms that are almost impossible to understand. Just ask a few friends if they really know how much interest they are paying on their credit or store cards and then get them to check with the company. We live in a society where credit is thrown at us from every angle. It is vital to understand how the system works and to spot the dangers.”

Getting out of debt
So how might we use the book to overhaul our own financial world and help those who have lost their way in their own?

“‘The Money Secret’ takes the lid off the way banks, credit card companies and store card providers work,” explains Rob. “But it also shows why many of us get into debt in the first place – why we find it so very hard not to buy. Then it gives a clear system to begin to get out of debt. The main character, Amy – the girl who at the beginning was about to take her own life – is equipped not just to help herself but to get alongside others who are traumatised by debt.”

I ask Rob to have the last word to explain what impact he would like ‘The Money Secret’ to have: “My hope is that millions of people will realise that they are not alone in financial trouble, and I pray with all my heart that ‘The Money Secret’ will genuinely help those who are shackled by debt to become free of it – forever.”

Adapted from Care for the Family magazine – Spring 2005 issue

Eight Important Tips for Women Who Want to Earn More Money

2006-07-15T06:43:00.000-07:00

1. Concentrate on career options in the hard sciences, not the social sciences. Engineers and computer scientists get paid more than teachers, journalists, and social workers. Female engineering managers earn an average annual salary of $83,000, but only 10 percent of professionals in the field are women.

2. Get hazard pay without the hazards. Women in the military have an 8-to-1-safety ratio over men (e.g., not a single woman has died in the Marines or Air Force in the War in Iraq). Women cab drivers routinely work safer shifts (and sometimes areas) than their male counterparts, as well as get higher tips, in spite of not necessarily helping with the baggage. And for a woman unwilling to take any physical risk, there’s the lucrative option of starting up a construction company. Thanks to laws governing federal contracts, she’ll have government agencies, universities, and other organizations competing for her business.

3. Choose fields with higher financial and emotional risks. Male doctors and lawyers earn more than females in part because they are more likely to be in private practice. Risk is a huge reason venture capitalists earn between $100,000 and $300,000 a year—substantially more than supermarket cashiers who receive a regular paycheck and "check out" at the end of the day. About 91 percent of venture capitalists are men.

4. Put in the hours. People who work just ten hours more per week earn almost twice the pay. Dr. Farrell explains why this happens, and how to take advantage of it if you have a family (while still giving your children even more one-on-one time with mom or dad).

5. Know the Ninety Fields that Pay Women More than Men. While more than ninety fields pay women more than men, Dr. Farrell identifies thirty-nine large fields that pay women at least 5% more than men. For example, female statisticians earn a third more than the men and female speech-language pathologists make 29% more.

6. Understand the Trends Reshaping the Workplace. Pharmacists now earn more than physicians. Technology is now transforming many male-dominated fields into female-friendly fields (e.g., manufacturing and steelwork). Why? Muscle and heavy lifting are being replaced by microchip and mind. (Dr. Farrell presents 25 of the fastest growing careers for the next seven years —see Table 15 on pages 119-122.)

7. Being Upwardly Mobile Means Being Vertically Mobile. Women account for half of today’s professionals but only 18 percent of all employees transferred abroad, and only a similar percentage of frequent fliers. But women who move up are willing to both travel on the job and relocate, especially overseas. Dr. Farrell explains how to do this without neglecting the children.

8. Switch to a higher-paying subfield. The same 25 ways to higher pay in any given field also lead to higher pay in a subfield. For example, a nurse who wishes to become a nurse anesthetist can make twice the pay of a general nurse; one who wishes to travel can earn much better income as a traveling nurse.

Adapted from WHY MEN EARN MORE: The Startling Truth Behind the Pay Gap - and What Women Can Do About It by Warren Farrell, Ph.D. (AMACOM Books).

Cute Face

2006-07-12T07:04:00.000-07:00

Solidinvestment.com investment scam

2006-07-11T08:45:00.000-07:00

By WORLDLawDirect [July 11th, 2006]

Fraud warning regarding the firm "Solid Investment" and its site solidinvestment.com

Comments from our site users regarding solidinvestment.com

"...as of mid-day Saturday July 8th, 2006,
the Solidinvestment site has been down, as well as the forum:
http://www.ecurrencyforum.com, which we now believe to have
been controlled by them (SI).

It is imperative therefore, that we proceed with swiftness, to
keep SI from pulling off one the BIGGEST HYIP scams in Internet history!"

Operators of Solid Investment and the site solidinvestment.com have collected funds, failed to make promised payments, and have now disappeared.

Solidinvestment was supposedly a Belize-based company. A review of Internet records has shown the operators to be in several locations.

Criminal charges are being filed as of today. If you have further comments or information, or need help, email us here at WorldLawDirect.

Power To Change

2006-07-11T02:53:00.000-07:00

by Marilyn Reichert

I believed that having children would bring me contentment, but as much as I loved my children, marriage and motherhood were not bringing the fulfilment I had longed for.

Being a wife and a mother had been my goal in life. When neither of these roles filled the void inside me, I thought perhaps a new career would do the trick. I got a job as a part-time receptionist in a real estate office. The job soon progressed to full-time, and then promotions which led to Regional Administrator. Career-wise, I had arrived, but still I lacked fulfillment.

As my career took off, my marriage suffered. I was resentful that I had been working for five years while my husband had stayed home with the kids. I was very angry with life.

After 17 years with my husband, Tom, I decided to take the children and separate from him. Perhaps the fighting would stop, and I would have peace. In October 1987, I put the children into the car, picked up my purse and drove away! I thought that fulfilment would surely come as I pursued my career and became a more attentive mother to my children. It did not.

Within two months, it was worse than ever. I would be spending most of Christmas alone at my sister's, without the children that were the only reason for my existence. I was very distraught at the way life had turned out–there seemed to be no meaning, no purpose and no way I could get it under control.

I was driving my boss to the airport when he turned to me and said, "You know you have nothing left to lose. You don't have a home, a husband or your kids. All you have is your car, and your job. So, why don't you give your life to Jesus?" So, for no other reason than to keep this man happy, I repeated the words of a prayer asking Jesus to come into my life and take over.

At that point I didn't think that it would change a thing. But before I could lift my head and open my eyes, something profound had happened inside me. I could not explain it, but I knew it was real. For the first time, the feeling of "hopelessness" was gone from my gut. When Jim told me I was forgiven for all of the mistakes I had ever made, I knew what he said was real somehow. I felt very free, and very much at peace.

In the months that followed, there were many more storms to go through and many disappointing events, but there was peace. Every day at work began with prayer and every night I read my Bible and listened to tapes about the Bible. I joined a noon hour Bible study and began to attend church on a regular basis. I was always amazed that the pastor was speaking on things that were happening in my life. I stopped drinking and smoking.

The biggest change of all since I asked Jesus into my life was that the void was gone and life had meaning and purpose. I no longer seek fulfilment through human relationships, whether it is my children or my friends. They can disappoint.

I have found the One who never disappoints. There are still many trials (my youngest son, Jonathan, has had cancer and my mother passed away suddenly), and there are times of calm. But life is not the roller coaster ride it used to be. Fulfilment–the filling of that void–comes in only one person, and His name is Jesus.

Take a look at your life. How would you describe it? Contented? Rushed? Exciting? Stressful? Moving forward? Holding back? For many of us it’s all of the above at times. There are things we dream of doing one day, there are things we wish we could forget. In the Bible, it says that Jesus came to make all things new. What would your life look like if you could start over with a clean slate?

Living with hope

If you are looking for peace, there is a way to balance your life. No one can be perfect, or have a perfect life. But every one of us has the opportunity to experience perfect grace through a personal relationship with God through His Son, Jesus Christ.

You can receive Christ right now by faith through prayer. Praying is simply talking to God. God knows your heart and is not so concerned with your words as He is with the attitude of your heart. Here's a suggested prayer:

Lord Jesus, I want to know you personally. Thank you for dying on the cross for my sins. I open the door of my life to you and ask you to come in as my Savior and Lord. Take control of my life. Thank you for forgiving my sins and giving me eternal life. Make me the kind of person you want me to be.

Does this prayer express the desire of your heart? You can pray it right now, and Jesus Christ will come into your life, just as He promised.

Is this the life for you?

If you invited Christ into your life, thank God often that He is in your life, that He will never leave you and that you have eternal life. As you learn more about your relationship with God, and how much He loves you, you'll experience life to the fullest.

Free Software Game

2006-07-11T02:46:00.000-07:00

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2006-07-11T02:28:00.000-07:00

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The History of Football (Soccer)

2006-07-06T01:12:00.000-07:00

A sport similar to football was played 3000 years ago in Japan. Chinese text from 50 BC mentions football-type games between teams from Japan and China. A text dating from 611 AD confirms that football was played in Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan.

Ancient Greeks and Romans also played a game that resembled football - although the Greeks permitted carrying of the ball. Olympic games in ancient Rome featured a 50-minute football game with twenty-seven men on a side.

The early days
How the sport spread from the East to Europe is not clear but England became the home of modern football. At first the game had a bad reputation among English royalty - possibly because of the noise the fans made - by whose insistence the government passed laws against it. King Edward (1307-1327) proclaimed, "For as much as there is a great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls, from which many evils may arise, which God forbid, we forbid on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city." In 1365 King Edward III banned football because of its excessive violence and for military reasons playing took time away from archery practice the game had become too popular to be curtailed. King Henry IV and Henry VIII passed laws against the sport, and Queen Elizabeth I "had football players jailed for a week, with follow-up church penance"

Laws failed to slow the popularity of football and by 1681 it received official sanction in England. The games were still ruff and noisy, with players hardly ever leaving the field without broken bones or even being spiked. There was no standard set for the size of teams or the field; the earliest organised games, usually bitter confrontations between teams from two or three parishes, had goals as far as 5 km (3 miles) apart. It was only by 1801 that it was (somewhat) agreed that teams should have an equal number of players and that the playing area should be about 91 metres (100 yards). Records show that Eton college drew up the first written rules of football in 1815. (The modern standardised rules are known as the Cambridge rules.)

Until the mid-1800s football rules still varied across regions. Team sizes ranged from 15 to 21. The 11-player team was standardised in 1870. The crossbar between two goalposts became mandatory in 1875. The goalkeeper was formally distinguished in the 1880s.

F I F A
The first football club was formed in Sheffield, England in 1857. The Football Association was founded on 26 October 1863 by 11 clubs meeting in London. (The word association was abbreviated to assoc., which became "soccer.")

Where does the word "soccer" come from?
In the 1880s students of Oxford university abbreviated words by adding "er" to the end; for instance, breakfast became "brekkers" and "rugby rules" was referred to as "rugger." When one student, Charles Wreford Brown, was asked if he'd like to play rugger, he was the first to abbreviate "association rules" (Football Association rules) by answering, "No, soccer." Brown later bacame an England international and Football Association vice-president.

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), was created in 1904 to co-ordinate the national football associations in the world. The first World Cup was held in 1930 in Uruguay.

Complete Listing of World Wonders

2006-07-04T23:58:00.000-07:00

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

-The Great Pyramid of Giza
-The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
-The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
-The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
-The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
-The Colossus of Rhodes
-The Pharos of Alexandria

The Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind

-Stonehenge
-The Colosseum
-The Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa
-The Great Wall of China
-The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
-The Hagia Sophia
-The Leaning Tower of Pisa

The Seven Natural Wonders of the World

-Mount Everest
-The Great Barrier Reef
-The Grand Canyon
-Victoria Falls
-The Harbor of Rio de Janeiro
-Paricutin Volcano
-The Northern Lights

The Seven Underwater Wonders of the World

-Palau
-The Belize Barrier Reef
-The Galapagos Islands
-The Northern Red Sea
-Lake Baikal
-The Great Barrier Reef
-The Deep Sea Vents

The Seven Wonders of the Modern World

-The Empire State Building
-The Itaipú Dam
-The CN Tower
-The Panama Canal
-The Channel Tunnel
-The North Sea Protection Works
-The Golden Gate Bridge

The Seven Forgotten Natural Wonders of the World

-Angel Falls
-The Bay of Fundy
-Iguaçú Falls
-Krakatoa Island
-Mount Fuji
-Mount Kilimanjaro
-Niagara Falls

The Seven Forgotten Modern Wonders of the World

-The Clock Tower (Big Ben)
-Eiffel Tower
-The Gateway Arch
-The Aswan High Dam
-Hoover Dam
-Mount Rushmore National Memorial
-The Petronas Towers

The Seven Forgotten Wonders of the Medeival Mind

-Abu Simbel Temple
-Angkor Wat
-Taj Mahal
-Mont Saint-Michel
-The Moai Statues
-The Parthenon
-The Shwedagon Pagoda

The Forgotten Wonders

-The Aztec Temple
-The Banaue Rice Terraces
-The Borobudur Temple
-The Inca City
-The Statue of Liberty
-The Mayan Temples
-The Temple of the Inscriptions
-The Throne Hall of Persepolis
-Petra
-The Suez Canal
-The Sydney Opera House
-The Red Fort in India

Nice Painting

2006-07-02T23:29:00.000-07:00

Dangerous Dihydrogen Monoxide

2006-07-02T23:10:00.000-07:00

Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating and urination, and possibly a bloated feeling, nausea, vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance. For those who have become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means death.

Dihydrogen monoxide:

* is also known as hydric acid, and is the major component of acid rain.

* contributes to the "greenhouse effect."

* may cause severe burns.

* contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape.

* accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals.

* may cause electrical failures and decreased effectiveness of automobile brakes.

* has been found in excised tumors of terminal cancer patients.

CONTAMINATION IS REACHING EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS!

Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every stream, lake, and reservoir in America today. But the pollution is global, and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice. In the midwest alone DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage.

Despite the danger, dihydrogen monoxide is often used:

* as an industrial solvent and coolant.

* in nuclear power plants.

* in the production of styrofoam.

* as a fire retardant.

* in many forms of cruel animal research.

* in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing, produce remains contaminated by this chemical.

* as an additive in "junk-foods" and other food products.

Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the ocean, and nothing can be done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

THE HORROR MUST BE STOPPED!

The American government has refused to ban the production, distribution, or use of this damaging chemical due to its "importance to the economic health of this nation." In fact, the navy and other military organizations are conducting experiments with DHMO, and designing multi-billion dollar devices to control and utilize it during warfare situations. Hundreds of military research facilities receive tons of it through a highly sophisticated underground distribution network. Many store large quantities for later use.

IT'S NOT TOO LATE!

Act NOW to prevent further contamination. Find out more about this dangerous chemical. What you don't know CAN hurt you and others throughout the world.

(Note: Dihydrogen monoxide is another way of saying H20, or just plain water)

Chinita - From Friendster.Com

2006-07-02T23:00:00.000-07:00

Chinita

From Friendster.Com

2006-07-02T22:47:00.000-07:00

Cover Letter Writing Tips

2006-07-02T21:14:00.000-07:00

When writing your cover letter, keep in mind that the reviewer is only interested in one thing: the facts. Do not think of your cover letter as an autobiography; it should be brief and to the point. The purpose of the cover letter (and resume) should be one thing – it should demonstrate that you meet or exceed the requirements listed in the job description. It should demonstrate that you're interested in the position, and that you're available to accept the position if offered. Additional information beyond this can be counterproductive, as it dilutes the core purpose of the cover letter.

When writing the cover letter, avoid negatives. A cover letter is not the place to explain why you left or are leaving an employer, why there are gaps in your employment dates, etc. These "negatives" are best delivered in person during the interview so that your personality can counter them.

Try to avoid a salary history in the cover letter. Even if the position specifically asks for your salary history, providing this information will more likely cost you a job than not. If the job ad specifically says that resumes without a salary history will not be considered, give a historical salary range, and state that your salary requirements are flexible based on the opportunity the position will provide.

Spend time thinking about the layout of your letter, and make sure that it's easy on the eyes. It should be easy to scan the letter, and have a logical progression. Keep in mind, the reviewer of your cover letter and resume has hundreds (if not thousands) of cover letters and resumes to look at, so make it easy for him/her to find the information you want to highlight. Bunched up text in long paragraphs will frustrate anyone who has to review hundreds of resumes and cover letters a week. In addition to the layout, don't just repeat your resume. Your cover letter is not a summary of your resume; instead, it's an introduction of yourself, and an argument for why you are the best candidate for their company and the specific position. Above all, avoid the generic cover letter that you get from books. If you are not sure how to write a targeted non-generic cover letter, we suggest using a professional cover letter writing service. The services are fairly inexpensive - professional cover letter writing services start at about $30.

PLEASE do NOT follow the advice of poorly written resume and cover letter books and web sites that advise on using platitudes and cliches in your cover letter. Resume reviewers do this for a living. They know that almost every candidate promises "excellent written and verbal communication skills", and the ability to "think outside the box" and "juggle multiple tasks". The point here is to be different and stand out. The goal is to demonstrate your written communication skills by writing a good cover letter – Cutting and pasting a phrase from a cover letter / resume book is not impressive.

As noted above, personalize your cover letter if possible. Your cover letter should be addressed to a specific person - avoid the "Dear Sir or Madam". Form letters insult the reviewer's intelligence and indicate that you, the writer, are broadcasting his/her resume to every employer in the area. Or you have not made an effort to learn more about the company. Generic/canned cover letters can lead to failure.. Even if you do not know the name of the recipient, you usually can find a contact name at the company fairly easily. Go to their company web site, and search the "about us" pages for names of individuals to address your cover letter and resume to. It takes a few seconds and it will make your letter stand out.

Men and Women

2006-07-02T19:18:00.000-07:00

Men

1. All men are extremely busy.

2. Although they are so busy, they still have time for women.

3. Although they have time for women, they don't really care for them.

4. Although they don't really care for them, they always have one Around.

5. Although they always have one around them, they always try their Luck with others.

6. Although they try their luck with others, they get really pissed off If the women leaves them.

7. Although the women leaves them they still don't learn from their Mistakes and still try their luck with others.

Women

1. The most important thing for a woman is financial security.

2. Although this is so important, they still go out and buy expensive Clothes.

3. Although they always buy expensive clothes, they never have something To wear.

4. Although they never have something to wear, they always dress Beautifully.

5. Although they always dress beautifully, their clothes are always just "An old rag".

6. Although their clothes are always "just an old rag", they still Expect you to compliment them.

7. Although they expect you to compliment them, when you do, they don't Believe you

THE CHINA GREAT WALL

2006-07-02T19:08:00.000-07:00

The Great Wall of China was built over 2,000 years ago, by Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China during the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty (221 B.C - 206 B.C.). In Chinese the wall is called "Wan-Li Qang-Qeng" which means 10,000-Li Long Wall (10,000 Li = about 5,000 km).

After subjugating and uniting China from seven Warring States, the emperor connected and extended four old fortification walls along the north of China that originated about 700 B.C. (over 2500 years ago).

Armies were stationed along the wall as a first line of defense against the invading nomadic Hsiung Nu tribes north of China (the Huns). Signal fires from the Wall provided early warning of an attack. The Great Wall is one of the largest building construction projects ever completed. It stretches across the mountains of northern China, winding north and northwest of Beijing.

It is constructed of masonry, rocks and packed-earth. It was over 5,000 km (=10,000 Li) long. Its thickness ranged from about 4.5 to 9 meters (15 to 30 feet) and was up to 7.5 meters (25 feet) tall. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the Great Wall was enlarged to 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles) and renovated over a 200 year period, with watch-towers and cannons added.

The Great Wall can be seen from Earth orbit, but, contrary to legend, is not visible from the moon, according to astronauts Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell, and Jim Irwin.

10 Tips For Successful Public Speaking

2006-07-02T18:58:00.000-07:00

Feeling some nervousness before giving a speech is natural and healthy. It shows you care about doing well. But, too much nervousness can be detrimental. Here's how you can control your nervousness and make effective, memorable presentations:

Know the room. Be familiar with the place in which you will speak. Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practice using the microphone and any visual aids.
Know the audience. Greet some of the audience as they arrive. It's easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.
Know your material. If you're not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase. Practice your speech and revise it if necessary.
Relax. Ease tension by doing exercises.
Visualize yourself giving your speech. Imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear, and assured. When you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful.
Realize that people want you to succeed. Audiences want you to be interesting, stimulating, informative, and entertaining. They don't want you to fail.
Don't apologize. If you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you may be calling the audience's attention to something they hadn't noticed. Keep silent.
Concentrate on the message -- not the medium. Focus your attention away from your own anxieties, and outwardly toward your message and your audience. Your nervousness will dissipate.
Turn nervousness into positive energy. Harness your nervous energy and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.
Gain experience. Experience builds confidence.

Superman Girl : Kate Bosworth

2006-07-02T18:54:00.000-07:00

Friendster Link from Friendster.Com - Tasha

2006-07-02T18:45:00.000-07:00

Tasha

Can You Make Money With Your Idea or Invention

2006-07-02T07:02:00.000-07:00

Summary

Innovative ideas are essential to business progress. It is very difficult, however, for innovators to get the kind of financial and management support they need to realize their ideas.
This publication, aimed at idea people, inventors, and innovative owner-managers of small companies, describes the tests every idea must pass before it makes money.

You've Got an Idea? Great!

So, you've had an idea for an invention or an innovative way of doing something that will boost productivity, put more people to work, and make lots of money for you and anyone who backs you? As you've probably heard, you're the kind of person your country needs to compete in world markets and maintain its standard of living. You're the cutting edge of the future.

You are another of those individuals on whom progress has always depended. We all know that it hasn't been huge corporations that have come up with the inventions that have revolutionized life. As the discoverer of penicillin, Sir Alexander Flemming, said, "It is the lone worker who makes the first advance in a subject: The details may be worked out by a team, but the prime idea is due to the enterprise, thought and perception of an individual." Innovators like you are the lifeblood of business.

Owner-managers who have started companies on new ideas know first hand about the innovation process. They also know that you can expect to hear.

You've Got an Idea? So What?

In the first place, the chances that you are the first to come up with a particular innovation are somewhere between slim and none. Secondly, even if you have come up with the better mouse trap, nobody—but nobody—is going to beat a path to your door. In fact, in the course of trying to peddle your better mouse trap, you'll beat up plenty of shoe leather wearing paths to other people's doors. You'll stand a good chance of wearing out your patience and several dozen crying towels as well.

Why is it so hard to find backers for your brain children? One consultant put it: "Nobody wants unproven ideas. Nobody wants to be first. Everybody wants to be second." Why this fear of the new?

Well, new product failure rates are estimated conservatively to be between 50% and 80%. One survey of major companies with millions of dollars to spend on R & D, market research, and product advertising, and with well-established distribution systems found that of 58 internal proposals only 12 made it past initial screening. From these 12 only one successful new product emerged.

Another group set up to help innovators has found that of every 100 ideas submitted 85 have too many faults to bother with. They can be eliminated immediately. Of the remaining 15, maybe five will ever be produced. One of those might—only might—make money. With odds like 99 to 1 against an idea being a monetary success, is it any surprise that your idea is greeted with a chorus of yawns? People—companies, investors, what have you—are basically conservative with their money. Ideas are risky.

Does that mean you should forget about your idea? Of course not. It merely means that now you're beginning to see what Edison meant, when he said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."

Again, those of you who own small firms started on innovations are well aware of the truth of Edison's words. You've been through the hard work.

Can You Exploit Your Idea?

Although coming up with what you think is a sure-fire idea is the biggest step, it's still only the first one. You've got the other thousand miles of the journey to success still ahead of you.

Many things remain to be done before you can expect to realize the first dollar from your invention or other innovation. You should be prepared for the unhappy discovery that the end of the line for your idea may turn up well before the point you needed to reach to make money from it.

At a bare minimum, your idea will have to pass the following tests:

Is it original or has someone else already come up with it?

Can someone produce and distribute it if it's an invention or other product, or use it if it's a marketing innovation, a new use for an existing product, or the like?

Will it really make money? (Will someone buy it?)

Can you protect your idea?

That seems to be a modest enough list, and it is. The problems arise from the dozens of underlying questions that must be answered before the major questions can be resolved. Here, for example, are 33 areas that each idea may be submitted through to determine if it has commercial merit:

Legality

Development Status

Safety

Investment Costs

Environmental Impact

Trend of Demand

Societal Impact

Product Line Potential

Potential Market

Need

Product Life Cycle

Promotion

Usage Learning

Appearance

Product Visibility

Price

Service

Protection

Durability

Payback Period

New Competition

Profitability

Functional Feasibility

Product Interdependence

Production Feasibility

Research and Development

Stability of Demand

Potential Sales

Consumer/User Compatibility

Existing Competition

Marketing Research

Perceived Function

Distribution

Now that is not a modest list. However, for the moment let's ignore the 33 and look at the four broad questions.

Is Your Idea Original?

Obviously, if somebody has already come up with and produced as good an item or a better one, it would be pointless for you to pursue a similar idea any further. You'd only be wasting your time and money.

There are lots of places to look to find out. If your idea is for a consumer product, check stores and catalogues. Check trade associations and trade publications in the field into which your invention or innovation fits. Visit trade shows relevant to your idea. Look in the business and popular press.

Don't be afraid to ask people in the field if they've ever heard of anything along the lines of your idea. In the pure idea stage it's not very likely that somebody will steal your idea—all the hard work still has to be done. Besides, you can ask general sorts of questions and keep the details of your idea to yourself if you're really anxious that your idea will be pirated. Patent rights to an idea in major foreign countries will be jeopardized by uncontrolled disclosure prior to filing a patent application in the United States.

Obviously, if what you've come up with is an invention or an idea that can be put into patentable form, you'll eventually have to make a patent search. You could do that in this early stage, but it's probably a better idea to hold off until you've taken a look at your idea in the light of the next two questions.

How Will the Invention Be Produced and Distributed?

The first thought many innovators have is to take their ideas to a big national company. Provide the dazzling idea, they think, and let the giant work out the details. After all, the national company has the money, the production capability, and the marketing know-how to make this surefire profit maker go.

Unfortunately, the big companies are almost never interested in ideas from outsiders. Whether that's because the outside technology is "a risk, a threat," or simply because large corporations need potential sales of an item to be in the tens of millions of dollars, doesn't matter. The cold fact is that selling a big firm on your idea is in the 100 000 to 1 shot range.

On the other end of the scale, you may be able to produce some items yourself, working out of your home and selling by mail order. This method can be a good way to get started, but after a while you may find yourself getting tired of having 200 000 better mouse traps stashed in your bedroom.

To be sure, if you can start (or already have) your own company, you will be better off. It's easier to sell a company than a patent, even if the company is losing money.

Many potential buyers understand a company much better than they understand the technology of an invention. Business people usually look at the profit-and-loss possibilities differently from the way an innovator does.

Many of these business people follow what one innovator has called "the 'Anyhow' theory of economics": We have a plant anyhow. We have a sales force anyhow. We advertise anyhow. We're smarter anyhow. Such business people also know that by the time they purchase a company most of the bugs are out of the technology and customers exist.

Between the extremes of starting your own company and having a big business buy you out, is taking your idea to small and medium-sized businesses. Many smaller firms are interested in producing quantities that do not interest larger companies. It is true that smaller firms may lack the marketing and distribution expertise characteristic of larger firms, however, at this point it is important that you use the smaller firms to get your foot in the door.

Will Your Idea Make Money?

This is the question that worries everybody. Here is where the risk arises that makes it so difficult to interest people in backing your idea.

It's a question that's really impossible to answer with any assurance. After all, major corporations even with massive market studies hit clinkers all the time. Remember the Edsel? On the other hand, an idea so seemingly stupid that you'd think it was somebody's idea of a silly joke might make millions. Don't you wish you'd thought of the pet rock?

So many factors need to be considered to answer this question. Is there a market? Where is it? Is it concentrated or dispersed? Could the size of the market change suddenly? Will competition drive you out? These questions are by no means the bottom of the iceberg. Yet, answering the money question to the satisfaction of potential backers is the key to the other questions.

Can You Protect Your Idea?

Once you've come up with tentatively satisfying answers to the originality, production and distribution, and saleability questions, it's time to consider protecting your idea. After all, it looks like you have something.

If you do have a patentable item, it's time to look into trying to protect it under the patent laws. Here briefly are the steps you'll need to follow:

Obtain a patent information booklet that is available through the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO). They can be contacted by looking up their phone number in the government listings in your telephone directory or log on to their Web site.

Contact a patent attorney or agent to discuss the intricacies of the patent process and the potential costs of this process. The patent office will accept an application for a patent only from the inventor or from a recognized patent attorney or agent. You will want to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of attempting to put an application together yourself or using professional services that have experience in this field.

Having a patent won't mean you have absolute protection. In fact, one survey found that in over 70% of the infringement cases brought by patent holders to protect their patents, the patent itself was held invalid.

Defending your patent can be very expensive. If you don't have a patent, however, the probability of successfully protecting your invention approaches zero.

Mere ideas or suggestions can't be patented. Some of these you may be able to put in patentable form, but for those that you can't it's pretty much do-it-yourself. Consult with a patent attorney/agent or the Patent Office about the classes of patentable subject matter.

Say, for example, you think you have a great gimmick for selling more of Company A's products. Leaving aside the likelihood that Company A won't be interested, how do you approach Company A with your idea with any assurance they won't simply use it without paying you a cent?

About the best you can do is write them a letter telling them you have a promotional (or whatever) idea and, without giving them any details, offer to send it to them. Include in your letter a statement to be signed and returned by a Company A representative promising they won't divulge your idea or make use of it without compensation (to be negotiated between them and you), if they'd like to know the details of your plan. They'll probably say thanks but no thanks or that they can't promise any such things without seeing the idea, but it's the only course open to you.

Is There any Hope?

Each section of this publication seems to be packed with bad news, but the publication wouldn't be doing you any favors by raising false hopes. The point is, you need to be more than an idea person to make money out of an invention or other innovation.

Many small businesses have been doomed from the start because of false hopes. Those of you who already operate going firms have avoided wishful thinking in other business areas. You need to avoid it where innovations is concerned, too.

What are potential idea and invention backers looking for? If you read around in the subject, you'll run across many comments to the effect that:

What we want is an entrepreneur, someone who cannot only invent a product but find capital and a way of getting the product on the market.

It's better to have a fair new product and a great manager than the other way around.
Management is the most important element for success of an invention.

Edison wasn't only an inventing genius. He was also a promoting genius, a publicity genius, a capital-raising genius, a genius at seeing potential markets for inventions.

Have you ever heard of Joseph Swan? A strong case could be made for saying he invented the electric light eight months before Edison. Who got the patents? Who got the bulb on the market? Edison. Who invented the electric light bulb? Edison.

Few of us are Edisons. We may have brilliant product ideas, but we aren't usually knowledgeable, let alone brilliant, in all of the areas that need to be covered. We need help.

Where Can You Go for Help?

While you probably still have to invest considerable perspiration yourself, you can get help with some of the sweating. Even Edison had some help.

Patent Attorneys and Agents:Attorneys and agents can help you make patent searches and applications, if you can't do them yourself. You can find attorneys and agents by looking in the classified section of your telephone directory under "Patents."

Invention Promotion Firms:Also likely to be listed in the "Patents" section of the directory, are firms that offer—for a fee—to take on the whole job of protecting and promoting your idea.

Caution is necessary in dealing with such promoters.

If you elect to use an invention promotion firm make sure:

They can provide you with solid evidence of their track record—not just a few flashy success stories, but verifiable statistics on the number of clients they've had and the number who have actually made money.

They don't collect the entire fee in advance.

They will provide you with samples of their promotional materials and lists of companies to whom they've sent it. (Then check with those companies yourself.)

You check the promotion firm's reputation with the local Better Business Bureau, Chamber of Commerce, a patent attorney, or a local inventors or innovators club.

Invention Brokers:Brokers work for a portion of the profits from an invention. They may help inventors raise capital and form companies to produce and market their inventions. They often provide sophisticated management advice. In general, you can expect these brokers to be interested in more complex technology with fairly large sales potential.

University Innovation/Invention/Entrepreneurial Centres:These centres, some funded by the National Research Council, show promise for helping inventors and innovators. The best known one, the University of Waterloo, for example, evaluates an idea for a very modest fee. The Centre evaluates an idea on 33 criteria (listed earlier in the publication) to help inventors weed out bad ideas so they won't waste further time and money on them.

The Centre also identifies trouble spots that require special attention in planning the development or commercialization of a potential new product. If an idea looks like it has merit and is commercially feasible, the Centre tries to link the innovator with established companies or refers him or her to sources of funds.

Small business branch of your provincial economic development office:The Small Business Branch can provide information about the market research, feasibility analysis, and business planning assistance necessary to make an innovation successful.

Small Business field offices can provide you with information about government programs. You may find other management assistance programs offered at the field offices to help in realizing your idea as well.

Inventor's Clubs/Associations/Societies:

You may have such clubs in your locality. You can share experiences with kindred spirits and get good advice, low cost evaluation, and other help.
Talking with other inventors is probably the most helpful thing you can do. Find someone who has been through the entire routing of patents, applied R&D, and stages of financing. It doesn't matter if the end result was a financial success or failure. Getting the nitty-gritty of the process is what's important.

Are You Being Unreasonable about Your Chances?

If you have read this publication and still think you can make money with your idea, some people might think you've missed the point. If you continue to believe in your idea after looking at the odds and obstacles, you are being unreasonable.

That's exactly what you should be. You're in good company.

All progress is made by unreasonable people, George Bernard Shaw observed. Reasonable people adapt to the world around them; unreasonable people try to change it.

Source:
U.S. Small Business Administration
Prepared by:
Saskatchewan Industry and Resources, Business and Co-operative Services

Looking for an Easy Money Making Idea?

2006-07-02T06:39:00.000-07:00

By: Diana Pemberton-Sikes

The fastest, easiest way to make money is by doing something you enjoy and are good at. Often we look to "proven" opportunities to generate fast money when all we really have to do is take a good look at ourselves.

So with that in mind, let me ask you this: how do you relax? Do you garden? Play cards? Watch old movies?

What if you could find a way to turn how you relax into something that makes money? I know what you may be thinking: "My down time is off limits!" But it's precisely for that reason that it's a great way to make money. It's also why it's often overlooked.

Futurist Faith Popcorn concludes that with today's hectic pace, people would rather spend money than time. If you could combine your love of your leisure time activity with the knowledge that people will pay to have things done, you could find yourself with some potentially lucrative ideas on your hands.

Here are some examples of what I'm talking about:

Several years ago, I was having lunch with a group of women I worked with. We started to talk about how we liked to unwind. One woman read books. Another liked to walk her dog. Cooking and watching television were also high on the list. But one woman just chuckled. "I know you're going to think I'm crazy, but I like to iron clothes." It was obvious. Everything she wore was always neatly pressed.

By the end of the meal, she had herself some clients. Before long, her quick, precise skill had won her an army of regulars-that had her netting several hundred dollars a month. All for a few hours a week of doing something that she enjoyed that helped her to unwind.

My husband's grandfather loved to mow lawns. It was how he could be by himself, think about nothing, and make money to boot. He mowed for several churches and schools and had private clients as well.

One of the men who works with my husband is a visiting scientist from Japan. After they'd been here a few months, his wife wrote a long letter to one of her friends back home, detailing her life in America. The letter found its way to the local newspaper editor, who asked for permission to print it. Now the wife is a regular contributor, chronicling her life in the States.

Love to wrap gifts? It's a lucrative sideline for one woman I know. With her specialty papers and unusual ribbons, she can transform a mere package into a beautiful work of art.

Her talent first caught the eye of one of her superiors when she wrapped a group gift that went to a co-worker. The boss paid her to wrap a birthday gift for his wife, who in turn hired her to wrap all of their Christmas presents. Word of mouth spread quickly, and before long, she had herself a fun way to earn enough to regularly indulge another past time: travel.

Another woman I know loves to cook, with holiday baking being a particular passion. The orders she fills during the holidays from friends, family, and co-workers regularly end up as hostess, teacher, and business gifts, and she usually makes enough money to cover all her own Christmas expenses.

Finally, my own grandmother, a regular social butterfly, used to love to host product parties for her business opportunity friends. Tupperware, Shaklee, Beeline Fashions-you name it, Grandma would have her girlfriends over for a look. Never interested in becoming a distributor herself, she'd settle for the hostess gifts and a percentage of the sales made during her parties. That way, she could enjoy the variety of things offered without ever having to handle products herself.

So how do you relax? Sew? Assemble photo albums? Tinker with cars?

If it's something you enjoy and are going to do regardless, why not make some money? A little word of mouth or even a classified ad could create enough steady business to put a whole new spin on relaxing. After all, people would rather spend money than time. Why shouldn't they spend their money with you?

Effective Steps For Your Quick Weight Loss

2006-07-01T07:53:00.000-07:00

Contributed by haja sherief

If you want to lose weight and look more attractive...ALLWITHIN A FEW MONTHS...follow these quick weight loss techniques.

They'll help make the entire weight loss process faster, easier and more effective over the long-term...

1. EXERCISE IN THE MORNING.
Exercising first thing in the morning raises your metabolism for the whole day and refreshes your mind. Also, people who regularly exercise in the morning are much less likely to skip a workout than those who exercise later in the day.

2. CUT OUT PROCESSED FOODS.
Try to cut out as many processed foods from your diet as possible. Except for specially formulated \'diet\' foods,processed foods make it very difficult to lose weight quickly. Stick mainly to lean proteins, whole grains, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables.

3. TAKE A HIGH-QUALITY MULTI-NUTRIENT FORMULA.
This is one of the most important things you can do to help your weight loss efforts and improve your overall health. Today\'s nutrient-deficient foods are a major cause of overeating, lack of energy, and obesity.

4. DRINK MORE WATER.
Drinking water all day long will ensure that your metabolism is running at an optimum level. That means quicker weight loss. Lots of water will alsokeep your appetite in check and prevent overeating.

5. REMIND YOURSELF.
Remind yourself of your goals constantly! Put pictures of people who have the type of body you want on your bathroom mirror, refrigerator door, car dashboard, and anywhere you think would be helpful.This technique is a powerful motivator and will help you stay on track.

6. EAT AT THE TABLE.
Never eat while sitting in front of the TV. You are MUCH more likely to overeat the wrong kinds of foods when watching television. When you eat, sit at a table and concentrate on enjoying the taste of your food slowly.

7. DRINK YOUR COFFEE BLACK.
The cream and sugar you add to your coffee in the morning adds hundreds of calories. A cup of plain black coffee has only 10 calories and no fat. Even better, start drinking green or black tea instead of coffee. Zero calories and LOTS of healthy antioxidants!

8. BRUSH YOUR TEETH.
When you get the urge to eat sugary foods, brush your teeth. The taste of toothpaste really reduces sugar cravings.

9. CHEW MINT-FLAVORED GUM.
Whenever you get the urge to snack on sugary or fatty foods chew on a piece of mint gum, preferably sugarless. Just like with toothpaste, the mint flavor lessens the craving for bad foods.

10. EAT MORE FRUIT.
Try to eat 2 - 3 pieces of fruit every day, especially before meals. The fiber will help fill you up and reduce your hunger cravings so that you don\'t overeat. Organic fruit is the best choice and can now be found at many stores.

11. USE NATURAL DIURETICS.
If you want to shed a bunch of water weight quickly, use the following naturally diuretic foods: unsweetened cranberry juice, kelp, parsley, and watercress. They are much healthier and safer than chemical diuretics.

12. SPRINT.
To rev up your metabolism and burn more fat, throw in a few short sprints when you jog. This is a type of exercise called \'interval training\' and it\'s highly effective for quick fat loss.

13. GET ENOUGH SLEEP.
Tired people are more likely to overeat during the day. Also, a recent university study found that a person\'s metabolism rises 40% when they get enough sleep!

14. CUT OUT THE SUGAR.
If you really want to lose weight quickly, you HAVE to cut refined sugars out of your diet. High sugar foods cause your insulin levels to skyrocket and make it almost impossible for your body to burn fat. That means no sodas, candies, pastries, or undiluted fruit juice.

15. EAT SOME FAT.
Cutting out all fat from your diet is a very bad thing to do for several reasons. The best option is to limit the amount of animal fat you eat and to supplement your diet with \"good\" fats like those found in fish, olive, andflaxseed oils.

16. RAISE HGH NATURALLY.
If you\'re over 30 years old, your natural human growth hormone levels are on the decline. You can increase them naturally with moderate weight training. A good vitamin supplement will also help considerably.

17. HAVE FUN.
Find exercise options that you enjoy. You can burn as much fat playing an intense game of basketball as you can jogging for half an hour. Also, walking,hiking, and bike riding are some of the most effective weight loss activities around!I sincerely hope you\'ve enjoyed these quick weight loss tips. Have a great day and best of luck with your weight loss efforts!

Article Source: http://www.articlematrix.com

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2006-06-30T21:30:00.000-07:00

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The Woman Problem

2006-06-30T21:06:00.000-07:00

By Edwin G. Boring (1951)

Harvard University
First published in American Psychologist, 6, 679-682.

Dr. Mildred B. Mitchell (9) has pointed out that women do not hold administrative and honorific positions in the APA "in proportion to their numbers and qualifications" and that especially do they fail of election to "top-level" offices, being frequently chosen for the more laborious job of secretary.

Dr. Mitchell is right, of course. Women are accorded less recognition than men in the professions and in public life. We hardly need more statistics to prove that.

The APA has had only two women presidents out of its 59, one in 1905, one in 1921, and none in the last half of its existence when its increasing size makes election so much more difficult. Only about 8 per cent of the persons listed in American Men of Science (1933 edition) were women. Less than 6 per cent of the 127 psychologists starred in the first seven editions of this directory were women. The National Academy of Sciences (1950) has among its 461 members only three women. The American Philosophical Society (1950), not limited to science, has among its 486 members only 8 women. Neither of these societies has any women among its honorary foreign members. Less than 8 per cent of the entries in Who's Who in America are for women. There can be no question that professional women acquire less prestige than professional men "in proportion to their numbers," but why? Is it not time to stop confirming this obvious fact and to attempt to get some understanding of the underlying social dynamics?

Certainly the Woman Problem is not solely a problem for and about women. It will be comprehended best when it is considered in relation with similar problems of social dynamics.

The Woman Problem is, for instance, related to the Great Man problem. Do science and thought and history, we may ask, advance step-wise by the successive contributions of great men, or is intellectual progress more or less continuous? Does history perhaps merely select the names of certain men as indices of advances in thought and knowledge, while neglecting the antecedent, the contemporaneous and the subsequent events that are necessary for getting a great discovery ready to be made and then afterward getting it accepted as truth? The Great Men of history are the men who achieved great prestige, some of them while living, others posthumously. It appears, moreover, that prestige is gained or lost, not only by achievement, but also by such other reinforcers and inhibitors as the timing of the discovery, the inertia of contemporaneous thought, the way in which the discovery is promoted or advertised, and the prestige of the discoverer--for prestige begets prestige; it has positive feed-back. When a man has first emerged from inconspicuousness, his subsequent acts gain attention more readily than before and his prestige tends to build itself up, especially if it is continuously supported by good work. The point here is that prestige is no simple function of merit. Neither men nor women gain prestige simply "in proportion to their qualifications" (in Dr. Mitchell's phrase). Thus it comes about that an understanding of the psychodynamics of the history of science will help in an understanding of the woman problem, for it is not only women who complain of history's injustice (1).

The Woman Problem is also similar to the youth problem. On the average, men make their greatest contributions to knowledge at the ages of 30-45, becoming less effective, less frequently productive, as they grow older. Harvey Lehman (5, 6, 7, 8, etc.) has plotted these productivity curves. The cause of decreasing frequency of original contributions by aging men is not yet known; perhaps it is wholly motivational. In general, prestige and the culture tend to preserve the status of once important men as they grow older and in the American success-culture men often maintain prestige by slipping over into administration from the field of discovery. To some extent the past status of the old is supported by our culture, but that is not nearly so true here in the occident as it has been in the orient. As a rule the young men in their [p. 680] thirties and forties are ready to take over from the oldsters, and to a considerable extent they do. Someone once proposed establishing a "Society of ExperimentING Psychologists" for men under forty, an active group free of the prestige inhibitions which were-supposed to limit election to the Society of Experimental Psychologists -- and indeed the new society was formed although under a different name. Now the grim reaper of middle age harvests the members of the younger society into the older -- at age 40 or even sooner. We must not, however, forget the existence of this Youth Protest, comparable to the Woman Protest in being directed against the fixed prestige of older men. The chief difference here is that the young grow old, and change their views, whereas women never quite turn into men.

For men there is a standard operating procedure about the acquisition of prestige. In runs--for psychologists-something like this. First you get a PhD. Then you manage some good research and publish it. In that way, you get some recognition. You keep on with research, now accepting also some administrative responsibilities. If you continue to impress your profession with the quality of your performance, you are likely to develop intellectual claustrophobia. You find yourself presently seeking larger perspectives. Perhaps you write a book, a book that, bringing together the researches of others, affords you the needed scope for broad interpretation. Or you may get over into the administration of research or of other professional activities. You may even find psychology too confining and become a dean or a college president. All this is standard for psychologists. It applies approximately to every past president of the APA. I am not sure that it holds for theoretical physicists who seem to be able to find scope for broad interpretation within their science and thus may not need to escape from reseach[sic] to book-writing or administration. Nor am I sure that the rule applies to European scientists, for abroad custom supports the prestige of the older men in greater security than is the case in America. Nevertheless, if a woman wanted to be president of the APA, this would be the course for her to follow, except that in this curriculum she had better aim at writing a book than at being a dean. For its top honors the APA looks askance at administrators.

It seems probable that this standard course or the evaluation of prestige is connected with the normal American success-culture. Prestige springs from power and leads to more power, but not much power is required for dealing with little things. It is the book-writer and the administrator who handle the large theories and the broad policies, thus maintaining and enhancing their prestige as they gather in the fruits of success. It is my impression that it is at this upper level that women are most often blocked in the pursuit of prestige. If a woman wants power and prestige as an administrator, she runs up against the man-made world. It is not the APA which keeps women down, but the universities, industry, the government, the armed services. With top-level administrative jobs so hard for her to get, why then does she not write books? Sometimes she does, but the book that brings prestige should deal with broad generalities, and there is some indication that the women of our culture are more interested in the particular, and especially, if I may lift terms from Terman and Miles (10, 400f.), in the young, helpless and distressed. Rogers, the only clinical psychologist who until now had been president of the APA, came to fame through a general theory of therapy and a book about it. Scott, in applied psychology, came in through administrative success with personnel testing in the First World War. The exceptionally skilful practitioner -- be he or she clinical psychologist, college teacher, or general physician -- gains at most a local recognition which almost never admits him to the dictionaries of biography.

Another important contributor to prestige is job-concentration. Beardsley Ruml has spoken humorously of the 168-hour week for the fanatic who lives primarily for his job -- he who eats, sleeps, and finds recreation only because he wishes to work better. These compulsive persons are very common among successful professional men and in business and statecraft. Such persons can undertake any, job at any time in any place on earth, provided only it seems important enough. Now it has been remarked that these people make poor parents, and presumably they usually do. Thus it comes about that the Woman Problem is found to be affected by philosophy of living. Inevitably there is conflict between professional success and success as a family man or a family woman. That is not [p. 681] to say, of course, that a man of exceptional ability can not save time from his profession to spend on his family, nor that maximal concentration is always maximally efficient in producing prestige; nevertheless the fact remains that you can not often do two things at once and that limited time is one of the factors that prevent achievement. Thus it is true that ambitious professional mothers have a grievance, for custom gives them greater responsibility for the children than it gives their husbands. It would have been desirable for Dr. Mitchell, had it but been possible, to separate in her statistics the married from the unmarried women, discarding the negligible unmarried men altogether. It would have been still better for her to have ignored sex and marital status, and to have used as a basic parameter measures of job-concentration for every member of the APA. What we are after is knowledge of the effects of professional fanaticism.

Now against this background of social dynamics, let us see what must usually happen to the ambitious woman member of the APA.

I do not believe that sex prejudice operates against women in APA elections to top-level offices. I can not prove this faith, but I think that on the average and given everything else equal, a male psychologist will vote for a woman in preference to a man -- or for a member of any minority group that he thinks is underprivileged or discriminated against. Everything else is, however, not often equal and women are usually not preferred for the top-level jobs because some of their male competitors have more prestige.

Intelligence and special abilities will count for their possessor, man or woman, all through. Let that not be forgotten. It is only when a woman loses out in competition to a man of presumably equal intelligence and special skill that the Woman Problem emerges.
When the professional woman starts out on her career, she can be imagined as having two choices to make -- although in fact it is doubtful that she really can do very much to choose her personality. She can not, of course, choose her level of intelligence, but she might perhaps attempt a decision about job-concentration and whether to work with particulars or generalities, in technology or in science. If she chooses less job-concentration in order to be a broader person, a better wife or a better mother, then she is perhaps choosing wisely but she is not choosing the maximal professional success of which she would be capable. She is in competition with fanatics -- the 168-hour people -- and she had better accept that bit of realism about job-concentration. Certainly she is less free than a man to choose work that deals with the large generalizations, because those jobs are associated with basic research, and the top positions in the universities are not as freely open to women as to men, whereas basic research under government auspices has not yet settled down into any permanent pattern.

All along the question of marriage interferes with the woman's assured planning. Can a woman become a fanatic in her profession and still remain marriageable? Yes, she can, for I know some, but I think a woman must be abnormally bright to combine charm with concentration. These women make the synthesis by being charmingly enthusiastic. The Woman Problem comes up again after the professional woman has acquired a husband and a couple of children, with the culture pressing to give her a heavy responsibility in the home, with her husband noting, perhaps, that his own success demands his own job-concentration. A couple can compromise and work out a fairly proportioned scheme for the good life as they see it, and some do just this. Perhaps two spouses, each on half-concentration, are better than one on full concentration, but the pair would not be elected president of the APA. Some women readers will undoubtedly think me callous to the frustration of others, but I am asking only for realism. Do you work at your profession 20, 40, or 80 hours a week? It makes a difference in competition, though it is not the only thing to make a difference; and the Woman Problem exists because there is this competition and invidious comparison.

There are about as many married as unmarried women in the APA (4, 14). Why not let the older unmarried women give up the thought of marriage and compete on equal footing with the men! Part of the answer to that question is that they will not be on equal footing. Nearly all the men are married, and a married man usually manages to make his marriage contribute to his success and prestige. Most of the married women do not receive the same professional support from their husbands and the unmarried women have no husbands. The only exception in favor of marriage [p. 682] for professional women is that those women who look for success in the psychology of interpersonal relations and not for great prestige often believe that their marriages make better psychologists of them (4, 15f.). In general, marriage is not an asset for most professionally ambitious women psychologists.

When the unmarried woman seeks prestige at the upper levels, she finds that the administrative posts are not fully open to women. Nevertheless, she is free to seek public success by working with some kind of large generalities. That approach to prestige generally means writing a definitive discussion of an important topic in a book. You would think that ambitious women would take to book-writing more than they do, although it must be admitted that writing a book is more work than those who do not write them think. Still this is the right advice to give the women who seek prestige under our present cultural limitations. If they do not take the advice, perhaps the reason lies in Terman and Miles' observation that women are more concerned with the particular than the general.

Here then is the Woman Problem as I see it. For the ICWP or anyone else to think that the problem can be advanced toward solution by proving that professional women undergo more frustration and disappointment than professional men, and by calling then on the conscience of the profession to right a wrong, is to fail to see the problem clearly in all' its psychosocial complexities. The problem turns on the mechanisms for prestige, and that prestige, which leads to honor and greatness and often to the large salaries, is not with any regularity proportional to professional merit or the social value of professional achievement. Nor is there any presumption that the possessor of prestige knows how to lead the good life. You may have to choose. Success is never whole, and, if you have it for this, you may have to give it up for that.

References
1.BORING, E. G. Great men and scientific progress. Proc. Amer. Philos. Sec., 1950, 94, 339-351.
2. BRYAN, A. I., AND BORING, E. G. Women in American psychology: Prolegomenon. Psychol. Bull., 1944, 41, 447-454.
3. BRYAN, A. I., AND BORING, E. G. Women in American psychology: statistics from the OPP questionnaire. Amer. Psychologist, 1946, 1, 71-79.
4. BRYAN, A. I., AND BORING, E. G. Women in American psychology: factors affecting their professional careers. Amer. Psychologist, 1941, 2, 3-20.
5. LEHMAN, H. C. The creative years in science and literature. Sci. Monthly, 1936, 43, 151-162.
6. LEHMAN, H. C. Optimum ages for eminent leadership. Sci. Monthly, 1942, 54, 162-175.
7. LEHMAN, H. C. Man's most creative years: then and now. Science, 1943, 98, 393-399.
8. LEHMAN, H..C. Man's most creative years: quality versus quantity of output. Sci. Monthly, 1944, 59, 384-393.
9. MITCHELL, M. B. Status of women in the American Psychological Association. Amer. Psychologist, 1951, 6, 193-201.
10. TERMAN, L. M., AND MILES, C. C. Set and personality. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1936.

Manuscript received September 18, 1951.

How we tackle the 'woman problem'

2006-06-29T01:38:00.000-07:00

Following is an excerpt of a presentation that law Professor Deborah Rhode delivered to the Faculty Senate on May 18, 2006.

I will be brief because Pat Jones' presentation on the status of women faculty has been, as always, so thorough and ably presented that you don't need me to say more than a few words. My comments will be variations on the same basic theme that I have elaborated at other senate meetings on this subject. The takeaway, as they put it in corporate America, is that we have many challenges, but we have made, and are making, great progress.

You might think that this is a relatively safe, although banal, way to put an obvious point. But no. As I have learned from bitter experience, you can always offend someone with this brief and bland message. There may be reporters from papers—not Stanford Report—who run their own version of what the message was, and their version bears limited resemblance to what was actually said. There may be faculty who think that I have not put enough emphasis on how partial the progress is and how many challenges remain. There may be other faculty who think that I have not sufficiently recognized the enormous progress that has occurred since 1971, when gender equity statistics began to be published. Then, women constituted only 5 percent of Stanford professors, there was no gender equity panel, no Faculty Senate presentation on gender equity and no widespread consensus that there was a significant "woman problem." It was just how the world in general, and universities in particular, were.

Obviously, all that has changed. Signs of progress lie in the slow, but more or less steadily, upward direction of the percentages that Pat Jones listed. The evidence that progress is only partial and that many challenges remain is revealed by the significant inequalities that persist. Stanford is not, however, unique. In the nation as a whole, women now constitute about half of all college graduates but only a quarter of all faculty, and only a fifth of presidents. Only 3 percent of professors are women of color.

In short, it is good that Stanford, like other institutions, has recognized the problem, has established a gender equity panel and has regular Faculty Senate reports. What is not good is that we still need the panel and reports. In short, significant challenges remain.
However, I can also assure you, as did Pat Jones's presentation, that relative to other peer institutions, Stanford compares well and, on some dimensions, very well. One of those dimensions lies in its leaders. President John Hennessey has joined a group of peer institutions in committing the university to action and accountability. Provost John Etchemendy appointed the Panel on Gender Equity. Both the president and the provost are paying serious attention to what the panel reports and recommends. The university also has founded, and generously funded, a Forum for Women Faculty that sponsors programs, workshops and related events that women faculty say that they want. The Gender Equity Panel collects data on the issue and is about to sponsor focus groups to identify strategies for change. The panel also meets with the deans of all of the schools to discuss areas for improvement.

The value of all these initiatives and their importance as a model for other universities is best illustrated by a story rather than by more percentages. I will therefore close with the story, but also supply the percentages to anyone who wants to ask me later.

The story starts like this. In my day job when I am not worrying about the state of gender equity at Stanford or teaching about gender equity more broadly, I direct Stanford's newly formed Center on Ethics. It considers gender equity and diversity to involve issues of fairness, justice and therefore ethics. It accordingly sponsors conferences and programs on the subject. One such event occurred in two forms this past spring. There was, first, a conference at Stanford on women and leadership and a companion conference at Harvard. There will be a book collecting essays based on the two events. I suggested to the Harvard conference director that we invite Harvard's then president, Larry Summers, to give the keynote. I said, "President Summers cannot refuse, and although his remarks will be thoroughly vetted, his participation will attract attention to the problem and event." The director agreed and so did President Summers.

At the event, he delivered an address on gender equity that showed signs of many hands at work. The first challenge that he and his many helpers confronted was in formulating an appropriate opening. There was also the challenge for the Harvard male dean who introduced President Summers. That dean settled for, "Here is a man who needs no introduction here." This was true. So President Summers gave the keynote opening, and yet another male dean also gave the keynote closing. Because after all, even though it was a conference on women and leadership, at Harvard some male leaders believed that they could do these important things better than women and get so much credit for doing so. The irony of having a conference on women and leadership at Harvard being opened and closed by male leaders was noted by female conference participants.

There was also a memorable moment during one of the Harvard panels. I asked a question of Harvard Professor Evelyn Hammonds, a very distinguished scholar on African American women. During the recent unhappiness at Harvard, she became chair of one of the university's several committees on the "woman problem." The gist of my question to Evelyn, with whom I have had many discussions on this subject, was, "What can other universities learn from what Harvard is now doing with the many millions of dollars that it has now committed to the woman problem?" Evelyn chuckled. The gist of her response to me was, "Deborah, why are you asking me? We looked at Stanford's committee report and recommendations, and we are following you."

So, relatively speaking, Stanford looks good. But our progress is only partial and many challenges remain.

Deborah Rhode, the Ernest W. McFarland Professor of Law, is chair of the Panel on Gender Equity and Quality of Life and is co-chair of the Stanford Women Faculty Forum.

List Friends From Asian - Lets Look !!!

2006-06-28T22:09:00.000-07:00

1. Bea

2. Myst

3. Sweet

4. Tasha

5. Gillian

6. Bonita

7. Linda

8. Maldita

e-gold® Account Referral Incentive Program

2006-06-28T07:40:00.000-07:00

When you sign-up a new e-gold account you begin making money !

Every time that account spends or receives you get 10% of the fees
The spend does not need to be with you, any transaction pays
It's automatic; your 10% is deposited directly into the account you designate
Sign-up can be automatic; put an e-gold link on your site and if a customer uses the link and sets up an account, you receive the Incentive

How it works

As an e-gold account holder you are automatically an "Originator".

When you direct a new user to the e-gold system through your links, they become your "Progeny" and you receive an e-mail confirming a newly "born" Progeny

You become the beneficiary of incentive payments generated by the Progeny
When a new user clicks through your links, a cookie, with a one-week expiration, is set on the prospect's browser. If they create an account anytime within one week, the new account is awarded to you as the Originator.

In the event that the prospect clicks links to e-gold from several sources, the last one clicked is awarded the Progeny account.

This is intended to be an ongoing, even permanent, arrangement.

Cecillia Ooi

2006-06-25T21:09:00.000-07:00

Cecillia Ooi

Female, 19, Single
Interested in Meeting People for: Friends, Activity Partners

Location: Malaysia
Friendster Member Since: Nov 2005

My Friendster Link

Autosurf Scam

2006-06-23T18:58:00.000-07:00

When I Was Your Age

2006-06-22T23:22:00.000-07:00

A young man who was also an avid golfer found himself with a few hours to spare one afternoon. He figured if he hurried and played very fast, he could get in 9 holes before he had to head home.

Just as he was about to tee off an old gentleman shuffled onto the tee and asked if he could accompany the young man as he was golfing alone.

Not being able to say no, he allowed the old gent to join him.

To his surprise the old man played fairly quickly. He didn't hit the ball far but plodded along consistently and didn't waste much time.

They reached the ninth fairway, and the young man found himself with a tough shot. There was a large pine tree right in front of his ball, directly between his ball and the green.

After several minutes of debating how to hit the shot the old man finally said, "You know, when I was your age I'd hit the ball right over that tree."

With that challenge placed before him, the youngster swung hard and hit the ball right smack into the top of the tree trunk, where it thudded back on the ground not a foot from where it had originally been.

The old man offered one more comment, "Of course, when I was your age that pine tree was only 3 feet tall."

Strange Page

2006-06-22T23:18:00.000-07:00

One of my friends works in the customer service call center of a national pager company. There, he deals with the usual complaints regarding poor pager operation, as well as the occasional crank caller demanding to be paged less often, more often, or by more interesting people.

The best call came from Bubba, who repeatedly complained that he keeps being paged by "Lucille."

He was instructed that he would have to call her and tell her to stop paging him.

"She don't never leave no number, so I can't call her back," he said. After three such calls, someone thought to ask how he knew it was Lucille if she didn't leave a number. "She leaves her name," was the reply.

After establishing that the customer had a numeric-only pager, the light bulb came on.

"How does she spell her name?" the service rep asked.

"L-O-W C-E-L-L"

Another technical problem solved.

Marketing Your Work-at-Home Website in 4 Simple Steps

2006-06-21T17:42:00.000-07:00

Contributed by Sylvie Charrier
By: Sylvie Charrier

Attention fellow telecommuters: If you thought just having a professional website was enough to land you more business than you could handle, think again. Just having a website is pointless if you don\'t let people know you exist. That?s right: you need to market your site. But, don?t worry; you won?t have to spend your hard earned of dollars on advertising. Believe it or not, there are simple, little-known, and?best of all?free techniques you can start using today to effectively market your website to your target audience.

See instant results in your home-based business and discover how easy advertising can be with these top 4 ideas for marketing your work-at-home website.

1. Market your site using search engines

Everyone wants to be at the top of the search engine rankings, right? And, everyone wants to know the tricks that will get them there. The down side is that no one seems to agree with what works for every search engine. It can be downright confusing! To give yourself and your site a fighting chance, you?ll need to design for success.

Make It Relevant! Start by designing your site correctly. Use your most important keywords?the ones that best describe your products and services?repeatedly throughout your site. This helps search engines determine the relevancy of your site when someone is searching.

Meta Tag It! Use proper meta tags within your code. Meta tags are snippets of HTML code that ?talk? to search engines and tell them what kind of content you have on your site. The better you can talk to the search engines with your meta tags, the better chance of a higher listing you?ll have.Submit It! Submit your site URL to the top search engines on the Web. Don?t get fooled into paying for a service to submit for you. Manually submit your site to the most used search engines (e.g., Yahoo, Google, Excite, and Lycos).

Be patient. Search engines can take up to 4 months to list your site. If you want immediate results, keep reading?Pay Per Click It! While not free, Pay Per Click advertising is the most effective way to get your site to the top of the search engine list in a matter of minutes.

With Pay Per Click companies, such as Overture and Google Ads, your site?s ad shows up whenever someone searches on the keywords you?ve chosen. If they click on your ad, you pay the company a few cents per click and you\'re all set. Instant top listings in the search engines! You can?t beat it!

2. Market your site using discussion boards

Discussion boards are online groups where people who enjoy the same things get together and talk about them. Topics are unlimited! To market your site on discussion boards, start by visiting boards that relate to your business. Take a front seat as you learn about your colleagues and customers. And, when you?re ready to jump into the conversation, share your thoughts with the board.

How does this help promote your site?

By simply adding a \"Signature Line? (or \"Sig\") at the end of your postings, you will be able to advertise your site and what you do. A Sig is simply your name plus a little tagline about who you are and how you can be contacted (e.g., via your website).

Discussions boards and Sigs are the perfect place to get the word out about what you do without spending a dime.

3. Market your site using reciprocal link exchanges

Reciprocal link exchanges are a wonderful way to generate a lot of traffic for your site, but most importantly, increase your rankings in major search engines.

Reciprocal linking is the internet\'s version of \"you scratch my back, and I\'ll scratch yours.\" The idea behind it is that you have a website about a specific topic and on your website you provide a list of complementary or similar sites that you enjoy.

In return for driving traffic to their sites, you ask those sites to display your link. The more websites show your links, the more likely that search engines will place your listing towards the top because your site is popular. Win-win!

4. Market your site using articles

This technique can place your name and website in places all around the web for years to come. And, it couldn?t be simpler to get started. All you have to do is write short informational articles, between 500-750 words, on relevant topics to your business.

Articles should be helpful to your readers and not blatant advertisements for your business. Submit the articles to the many free article posting sites (like www.goarticles.com) and give the right for anybody to post your article anywhere they please as long as they keep your byline (or Sig) in tact.

Then watch your articles spread across the internet like wildfire. Interested parties (read ?prospective buyers?) will see your articles and expertise and will flock to your website to learn more about you and the services you offer.

No matter how you go about it, marketing your website does not need to cost an arm and a leg. In fact, with just these simple 4 techniques you can begin marketing your products and services like a pro and watch your sales increase with every passing day!

=================================================
This article is excerpted from ?You Can Work in Your PJs?, a real world guide to telecommuting. Sylvie Charrier works from home full time and wrote this book to share her unique techniques with others.
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Keep Smile Always

2006-06-21T01:40:00.000-07:00

kitrana_may@yahoo.com

My Friendster Link

Ana - Click Here To Find Out More

2006-06-21T01:31:00.000-07:00

Click Here To Find Out More ...

Ana

Welcome to Friendster Links!

2006-06-20T01:56:00.000-07:00

Q:How to verify your email address?

A:For Example:-

To verify your Friendster email address, please click on the link
below:http://www.friendster.com/verifyemail.jsp?verify=xxxxxx

Or enter this Verification Code in the Verify Email Address page:
Verification Code: xxxxxx

You will soon be able to use Friendster to meet people through yourfriends, or help your friends meet new people. If you have not already done so, please complete your profile andupload a picture.

To use Friendster to connect to people through networks of friends,you will need to add friends to your Friendster personal network.You cannot connect to anyone until you have people in your friendslist. You can search for existing

Friendster users by email address,using User Search. If your friends are not Friendster members yet,invite them to join with the Invite feature. Once you have added some friends, try the Gallery to see yourpersonal network of all the people connected to you.

2006-06-19T18:48:00.000-07:00

Click Here To Find Out More ...
Amelia

Make Money On Your Site With Google

2006-06-19T01:32:00.000-07:00

If you've been trying to earn money from your Web site then you've probably heard of Google Adsense. Now they offer a new tool to help you. Not only will you earn more money, you will add search to your site too. When I started using Googe Adsense the only ads they had were text ads.

They gave a title of a product or Web site, the URL and maybe a few words description. A few months ago they added graphical ads, more like the kind you're used to seeing on the Net.Now you can add search. Just copy/paste the code into your Web page where you want the search box to show up and instantly your visitors can search the Internet.If you want your readers to search your site, you can do that too.

If Google had spidered your site then you can add search at site level. This is even greater for you because now you can promote your own pages while making money doing it.Personalize the search by adding your own image to it. Do you have an image that represents your Web site, a logo, add it to the search bar. When someone does a search from your new Google search banner they will see your logo on the search page. You make money from this and advertise your site at the same time. What could be better.

Friend from Kota Kinabalu

2006-06-15T23:04:00.000-07:00

Valereena Anne
Kota Kinabalu · March 5, 2006

"Hi...my name is Valereena Anne...age 24...from kota kinabalu sabah,Malaysia.I am now working in one of the 5 star hotel in town as a receiptionist.During my free time i like surfing the internet and listening to music.Wanna know more?